Urology

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a condition where urine flows backward from the bladder to the kidneys. It can lead to recurrent urinary tract infections and

Neurogenic bladder is a condition resulting from nerve damage that affects bladder control. It can result from various neurological conditions, such as spinal cord injury,

Male infertility is a condition characterized by the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse. It can stem from various causes, including hormonal

Peyronie’s disease is characterized by the development of fibrous scar tissue inside the penis, leading to curved, painful erections. The cause is often unknown, but

Hydronephrosis is the swelling of a kidney due to a buildup of urine, often caused by a blockage or obstruction in the urinary tract. It

Hypospadias is a congenital condition in males where the urethral opening is located on the underside of the penis rather than at the tip. It

Incontinence refers to the involuntary loss of urine, which can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life. It can result from various underlying conditions, including

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. It can result from physical or psychological factors.

Testicular cancer is a malignancy that occurs in the testicles, often affecting young men aged 15 to 35. It is one of the most treatable

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer, arising from the lining of the renal tubules. It is often diagnosed in

Kidney stones are hard deposits formed from minerals and salts that develop in the kidneys. They can cause severe pain and urinary complications as they

Bladder cancer is a malignant tumor that develops in the bladder’s lining. It is one of the most common types of urinary tract cancer, often