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Sperm Retrieval

Department of Sperm Retrieval

Sperm retrieval is an advanced microsurgical technique used to harvest sperm in cases of male factor infertility where there is little or no sperm present in the ejaculate.

Before

Before Sperm Retrieval, various tests may be conducted to assess the male’s reproductive health. The specific tests can include:

1.Semen Analysis: Evaluates sperm count, motility, and morphology to assess overall sperm quality.

2.Hormonal Tests (e.g., Testosterone):  Measures hormone levels to assess the function of the testes and overall reproductive health.

3.Infectious Disease Screening: Tests for infections such as HIV, hepatitis, and sexually transmitted infections to ensure the safety of the procedure.

Types

1.Masturbation: The most common method where the individual provides a semen sample through masturbation.

2.Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA): A procedure where sperm is directly aspirated from the testicles using a thin needle.

3.Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA): Involves aspirating sperm from the epididymis, a small, coiled tube attached to the testicle.

4.Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (MESA): A more intricate procedure using a microscope to locate and aspirate sperm from the epididymis.

5..Electroejaculation (EEJ): A technique using electrical stimulation to induce ejaculation in men who cannot ejaculate through masturbation.

Treatment

1.Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA): TESA is also sometimes called Testicular Fine Needle Aspiration (TFNA). TESA can be used to diagnose or treat azoospermia. It can also be used to collect sperm from the testicles. It’s often done with a nerve block in the Urologist’s office or the operating room. A thin needle punctures the skin and testis to gently pull out sperm. No other cuts are needed.

2.Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA): PESA, like TESA, can be done many times at low cost and without a surgical cut and is especially suited for obstructive azoospermia. It doesn’t need a high-powered microscope, so more urologists can do it. PESA is done under local or general anesthesia. The urologist sticks a needle attached to a syringe into the epididymis to gently remove fluid. Sperm may not always come out this way. Sometimes a surgical process is needed

3.Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (MESA): MESA uses a surgical microscope to help retrieve sperm from the epididymis tubes. MESA can retrieve lots of healthy sperm that can be saved and frozen for later. This method is very safe. However, it calls for general anesthesia and a highly skilled micro-surgeon.

4.Electroejaculation (EEJ): EEJ is done with a probe that sends electrical energy to the prostate and seminal vesicle. EEJ may be done in the urologist’s office for men with nerve injuries and no feeling. But for men who have normal sensation, general anesthesia is needed. General anesthesia is used to prevent pain during this EEJ procedure. It makes you unconscious. You do not feel any pain, and you do not remember the procedure afterwards.

Sperm Retrieval Overview

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