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Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT)

Department of Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT)

Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a screening test that can be performed on embryos created via in vitro fertilization (IVF) to genetically analyze the embryos prior to transfer.

One of the most common reasons that an embryo transfer does not result in a pregnancy is due to abnormal embryo genetics. PGT can ensure that the embryo selected for transfer has the correct number of chromosomes, thereby reducing the chances for a failed IVF cycle and reducing the chance of miscarriage.

Before

Before undergoing Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT), various tests may be conducted to assess the health and fertility of the individuals involved in the fertility treatment. Common tests include:

1.Genetic Carrier Screening: A blood test to identify carriers of genetic disorders, helping to assess the risk of passing on certain genetic conditions to offspring.

2.Hormonal Assessments:  Blood tests to measure hormone levels and assess the overall reproductive health of the individuals involved.

3.Infectious Disease Screening: Tests for infections such as HIV, hepatitis, and sexually transmitted infections to ensure the safety of the procedure.

Types

1.PGT-A (Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy): Screens embryos for chromosomal abnormalities, particularly assessing the number of chromosomes to identify any numerical imbalances.

2.PGT-M (Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Monogenic/Single Gene Disorders): Used when there is a known genetic disorder in the family, this test identifies embryos affected by or carriers of specific single gene mutations.

3.PGT-SR (Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Structural Rearrangements): Evaluates embryos for structural abnormalities in the chromosomes, often used in cases where one or both partners have chromosomal rearrangements.

Treatment

IVF is a requirement in order to obtain embryos for PGT. After eggs are retrieved and fertilized in the lab, the embryologist will perform assisted hatching on the embryos to help obtain cells for testing. When the embryo reaches the blastocyst stage, a few of the cells on the outside of the embryo are biopsied and sent for genetic analysis.

Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) Overview

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