Kidney stones are hard deposits formed from minerals and salts that develop in the kidneys. They can cause severe pain and urinary complications as they pass through the urinary tract.
Characteristics and Symptoms:
- Severe Pain: Sharp, cramping pain in the back and side, often radiating to the lower abdomen and groin.
- Hematuria: Blood in the urine, which may be visible or microscopic.
- Nausea and Vomiting: Due to the intense pain.
- Frequent Urination: Increased urge to urinate or urinary urgency.
Diagnosis:
- Imaging Studies: CT scans or ultrasounds to identify the location and size of stones.
- Urinalysis: Testing urine for crystals, blood, and infection.
- Blood Tests: To assess kidney function and detect mineral imbalances.
Treatment Options:
- Pain Management: NSAIDs or opioids to alleviate pain.
- Increased Fluid Intake: Drinking plenty of water to help flush out stones.
- Medications: Alpha-blockers to facilitate stone passage.
- Surgical Intervention: Procedures such as ureteroscopy, shock wave lithotripsy, or percutaneous nephrolithotomy for larger stones.
