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Hydrocephalus

Department of Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus is the buildup of fluid in cavities called ventricles deep within the brain. The excess fluid increases the size of the ventricles and puts pressure on the brain.

Cerebrospinal fluid usually flows through the ventricles and bathes the brain and spinal column. But the pressure of too much cerebrospinal fluid can damage brain tissues and cause a range of symptoms related to brain function.

Hydrocephalus can happen at any age, but it occurs more often among infants and among adults 60 and older. Surgery can restore and maintain healthy cerebrospinal fluid levels in the brain. Therapies can manage symptoms resulting from hydrocephalus.

Types

1.Communicating Hydrocephalus: Impaired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption despite normal flow within the ventricles.

2.Non-Communicating (Obstructive) Hydrocephalus: Blockage in the flow of CSF within the ventricular system.

3.Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH): Characterized by enlarged ventricles but normal CSF pressure; typically seen in older adults.

Diagnosis

1.Imaging Studies: CT scans and MRI help visualize the brain and identify enlarged ventricles, a key indicator of hydrocephalus.

2.Clinical Evaluation: Neurological examination to assess symptoms such as headache, nausea, and changes in cognitive function.

Treatment

1.Shunt Placement: A surgical procedure where a shunt is implanted to redirect excess CSF from the brain to another part of the body (usually the abdominal cavity).

2.Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV): A minimally invasive procedure where an opening is created in the floor of the third ventricle to allow CSF to flow more freely.

3.ETV with Choroid Plexus Cauterization (CPC): Combining ETV with cauterization of the choroid plexus to further reduce CSF production.

Hydrocephalus Overview

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