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Glaucoma

Department of Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve. The optic nerve sends visual information from your eye to your brain and is vital for good vision. Damage to the optic nerve is often related to high pressure in your eye. But glaucoma can happen even with normal eye pressure.

Glaucoma can occur at any age but is more common in older adults. It is one of the leading causes of blindness for people over the age of 60.

Many forms of glaucoma have no warning signs. The effect is so gradual that you may not notice a change in vision until the condition is in its later stages.

It’s important to have regular eye exams that include measurements of your eye pressure. If glaucoma is recognized early, vision loss can be slowed or prevented. If you have glaucoma, you’ll need treatment or monitoring for the rest of your life.

Types

1.Open-Angle Glaucoma: Gradual increase in intraocular pressure, most common type.

2.Angle-Closure Glaucoma: Rapid increase in intraocular pressure, less common but more urgent.

3.Normal-Tension Glaucoma: Damage to the optic nerve despite normal intraocular pressure.

Diagnosis

  • 1.Tonometry: Measures intraocular pressure.

    2.Ophthalmoscopy: Examines the optic nerve for signs of damage.

    3.Visual Field Test: Assesses peripheral vision.

    4.Gonioscopy: Evaluates the drainage angle of the eye.

Treatment

1.Medication:

  • Prostaglandin Analogs: Increase drainage of intraocular fluid.
  • Beta-Blockers, Alpha Agonists, or Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: Reduce fluid production.


2.Laser Therapy:

  • Laser Trabeculoplasty: Improves drainage through laser treatment.
  • Laser Peripheral Iridotomy: Creates a hole in the iris to improve fluid flow.


3.Surgery:

  • Trabeculectomy: Creates a new drainage channel for intraocular fluid.
  • Shunt Implantation: Places a drainage implant in the eye.

Glaucoma Overview

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