Colorectal Cancer
Department of Colorectal Cancer
Colon (colorectal) cancer starts in your colon (large intestine), the long tube that helps carry digested food to your rectum and out of your body.
Colon cancer develops from certain polyps or growths in the inner lining of your colon. Healthcare providers have screening tests that detect precancerous polyps before they can become cancerous tumors. Colon cancer that’s not detected or treated may spread to other areas of your body. Thanks to screening tests, early treatment and new kinds of treatment, fewer people are dying from colon cancer.
Types
1. Colon Cancer:
- Adenocarcinoma: This is the most common type of colon cancer, accounting for about 95% of cases. Adenocarcinomas originate in the cells lining the inside of the colon and rectum.
- Mucinous (or colloid) adenocarcinoma: This subtype of adenocarcinoma contains a significant amount of mucus, and it may have different characteristics than typical adenocarcinoma.
2.Rectal Cancer:
- Adenocarcinoma: Similar to colon cancer, adenocarcinoma is the most common type of rectal cancer.
- Squamous cell carcinoma: This type is less common and typically occurs in the anal region rather than the rectum. It arises from the flat, thin cells lining the surface of the rectum.
3.Other Rare Types:
- Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs): These are rare tumors that can occur in the gastrointestinal tract, including the colon and rectum. They arise from specialized cells called interstitial cells of Cajal.
- Neuroendocrine tumors: These tumors can develop in the colon or rectum and originate from cells that release hormones. They are generally rare and can be classified as well-differentiated or poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors.
- Carcinoid tumors: These are slow-growing tumors that can develop in the gastrointestinal tract, including the colon and rectum. They are a type of neuroendocrine tumor.
Diagnosis
1.Medical History and Physical Examination:
- The healthcare provider will review the patient’s medical history and ask about symptoms, risk factors, and family history of cancer.
- A physical examination, including a digital rectal examination (DRE), may be conducted to check for any abnormalities.
2.Colonoscopy:
- Colonoscopy is a key diagnostic procedure for colorectal cancer. A flexible, lighted tube with a camera (colonoscope) is used to examine the entire colon and rectum.
- During the procedure, the doctor can take tissue samples (biopsies) if any suspicious areas or polyps are detected. Biopsies help confirm the presence of cancer and provide information about the cancer’s characteristics.
3.Imaging Studies:
- Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: This imaging test can provide detailed cross-sectional images of the abdomen and pelvis, helping to identify the size and location of tumors.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): MRI may be used to obtain more detailed images of the rectum and nearby structures.
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan: This scan can help determine if cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
4.Blood Tests:
- Blood tests, including the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test, may be performed to check for elevated levels of certain substances that can be associated with colorectal cancer. However, these tests are not definitive for diagnosis and are often used for monitoring treatment response.
5.Staging:
- If colorectal cancer is confirmed, further tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer. Staging helps guide treatment decisions and assess the extent of the disease.
6.Biopsy Confirmation:
- A biopsy is the definitive method for confirming cancer. Tissue samples obtained during colonoscopy or surgery are examined by a pathologist to determine the type and stage of colorectal cancer.
Treatment
Surgery: Removal of tumor and affected tissues.
Chemotherapy: Drugs to kill or inhibit cancer cells; used before or after surgery.
Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays to target and destroy cancer cells.
Targeted Therapy: Specific drugs targeting molecular processes in cancer cells.
Immunotherapy: Boosting the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Colorectal Cancer Overview
- Surgery Time - 8 hours
- Stay in the country - 3 days
- Rehabilitation - 30days
- Best price - 1800$
- Surgery Time - 8 hours
- Stay in the country - 3 days
- Rehabilitation - 30days
- Best price - 1800$
- Surgery Time - 8 hours
- Rehabilitation - 30days
- Best price - 1800$
- Best price - 1800$
- Surgery Time - 8 hours
- Stay in the country - 3 days
- Rehabilitation - 30days
- Best price - 1800$
- Surgery Time - 8 hours
- Rehabilitation - 30days
- Rehabilitation - 30days
- Best price - 1800$
- Surgery Time - 8 hours
- Stay in the country - 3 days
- Rehabilitation - 30days
- Rehabilitation - 30days
- Surgery Time - 8 hours
- Surgery Time - 8 hours
- Rehabilitation - 30days
- Best price - 1800$
