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In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Department of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

In vitro fertilization, also called IVF, is a complex series of procedures that can lead to a pregnancy. It’s a treatment for infertility, a condition in which you can’t get pregnant after at least a year of trying for most couples. IVF also can be used to prevent passing on genetic problems to a child.

Before

Before undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF), individuals typically undergo the following tests:

1.Medical History and Physical Examination: Assess overall health and identify any relevant medical conditions.

2.Ovulation Monitoring: Track menstrual cycles to determine ovulation timing.

3.Hormonal Testing: Measure hormone levels (FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone, thyroid) to evaluate fertility and hormonal balance.

Types

1.Conventional IVF: Eggs and sperm are combined in a laboratory dish for fertilization.

2.ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection): A single sperm is directly injected into an egg to facilitate fertilization.

3.PGT (Preimplantation Genetic Testing): Embryos are screened for genetic abnormalities before implantation.

4.FET (Frozen Embryo Transfer): Frozen embryos from a previous IVF cycle are thawed and implanted.

5.Donor Egg or Sperm IVF: Eggs or sperm from a donor are used in the IVF process.

6.Surrogacy: Another woman carries and delivers the baby for the intended parents.

Treatment

The start of an IVF cycle begins by using lab-made hormones to help the ovaries to make eggs — rather than the single egg that usually develops each month. Multiple eggs are needed because some eggs won’t fertilize or develop correctly after they’re combined with sperm.

Certain medicines may be used to:

  • Stimulate the ovaries. You might receive shots of hormones that help more than one egg develop at a time. The shot may contain a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a luteinizing hormone (LH) or both.
  • Help eggs mature. A hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), or other medicines, can help the eggs ripen and get ready to be released from their sacs, called follicles, in the ovaries.
  • Delay ovulation. These medicines prevent the body from releasing the developing eggs too soon.
  • Prepare the lining of the uterus. You might start to take supplements of the hormone progesterone on the day of the procedure to collect your eggs. Or you might take these supplements around the time an embryo is placed in the uterus. They improve the odds that a fertilized egg attaches to the lining of your uterus.

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Overview

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