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Trigeminal Neuralgia

Department of Trigeminal Neuralgia

Trigeminal neuralgia is a condition characterized by pain coming from the trigeminal nerve, which starts near the top of the ear and splits in three, toward the eye, cheek and jaw. We have two trigeminal nerves: one for each side of our face, but trigeminal neuralgia pain most commonly affects only one side.

The pain of trigeminal neuralgia is unlike facial pain caused by other problems. It is often described as stabbing, lancinating or electrical in sensation and so severe that the affected person cannot eat or drink. The pain travels through the face in a matter of seconds, but as the condition progresses, the pain can last minutes and even longer.

Trigeminal neuralgia is sometimes known as tic douloureux, which means “painful tic.”

Types

1.Classic Trigeminal Neuralgia (Type 1): Characterized by sudden, intense, stabbing pain on one side of the face.

2.Secondary or Symptomatic Trigeminal Neuralgia (Type 2): Pain is caused by an underlying condition, such as multiple sclerosis, tumor, or vascular compression.

Diagnosis

1.Clinical Evaluation: Diagnosis is primarily based on the patient’s description of sudden, severe facial pain.

2.Neurological Examination: Assessing triggers, pain patterns, and ruling out other potential causes of facial pain.

Treatment

1.Medications: Anticonvulsant medications like carbamazepine or gabapentin are commonly prescribed to manage pain.

2.Microvascular Decompression (MVD): Surgical procedure to relieve pressure on the trigeminal nerve by repositioning or removing blood vessels compressing the nerve.

3.Radiosurgery: Stereotactic radiosurgery, such as Gamma Knife or CyberKnife, may be used to target the trigeminal nerve and alleviate pain.

Trigeminal Neuralgia Overview

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